Poker
Poker has many variations, each
following the same pattern of play.
The right to deal each
hand typically rotates among the players and is marked by a token
called a 'dealer' button or buck. In a casino, a house dealer handles
the cards for each hand, but a button (typically a white plastic
disk) is rotated clockwise among the players to indicate a nominal
dealer to determine the order of betting.
One or more players
are required to make forced bets to create an initial stake for
which the players will contest. The dealer shuffles the cards, he
cuts, and the appropriate number of cards are dealt to the players
one at a time. Cards may be dealt either face-up or face-down, depending
on the variant of poker being played. After the initial deal, the
first of what may be several betting rounds begins. Between rounds,
the players' hands develop in some way, often by being dealt additional
cards or replacing cards previously dealt. At the end of each round,
all bets are gathered into the central pot.
At any time during
a betting round, if a player makes a bet, opponents are required
to fold, call or raise. If one player bets and no opponents choose
to match the bet, the hand ends immediately, the bettor is awarded
the pot, no cards are required to be shown, and the next hand begins.
This possibility of winning a pot without showing a hand makes bluffing
possible. Bluffing is a primary feature of poker, one that distinguishes
it from other vying games and from other games that make use of
poker hand rankings.
At the end of the last betting round,
if more than one player remains, there is a showdown, in which the
players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their
hands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant
being played wins the pot.
Poker
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History
The history of poker is a matter
of debate. It closely resembles the Persian game of as nas, and
may have been taught to French settlers in New Orleans by Persian
sailors. The name of the game likely descended from the French poque,
which descended from the German pochen ('to knock'). Yet it is not
clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing
those names. It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the
Renaissance game of primero and the French brelan. The English game
brag (earlier bragg) clearly descended from brelan and incorporated
bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time).
It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced
the development of poker as it exists now.
English actor
Joseph Crowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans
in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, four players betting on which
player's hand was the most valuable. Jonathan H. Green's book, An
Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia,
1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of
the country by Mississippi riverboats, on which gambling was a common
pastime. As it spread up the Mississippi and West during the gold
rush, it is thought to have become a part of the frontier pioneer
ethos. Poker /
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Poker’s popularity experienced an unprecedented spike in the
first years of the 21st century, largely because of the introduction
of online poker and the invention of the hole-card camera, which
turned the game into a spectator sport. Viewers could now follow
the action and drama of the game, and broadcasts of poker tournaments
such as the World Series of Poker and the World Poker Tour brought
in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors. Because
of the increasing coverage of poker events, poker pros are becoming
more and more like celebrities, with poker fans all over the world
entering into expensive tournaments for the chance to play with
them. This increased camera exposure also brings a new dimension
to the poker professional's game—the realization that their actions
may be aired later on TV.
Major poker tournament fields have
grown dramatically because of the growing popularity of online satellite-qualifier
tournaments where the prize is an entry into a major tournament.
The 2003 and 2004 WSOP champions, Chris Moneymaker and Greg Raymer,
respectively, won their seats to the main event by winning online
satellites. Play
Poker /
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